Manufacture of thermic mixtures.



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STATES PATENT orrion.

HANS GOLDSOHMIDT, OF ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OFTH. GOLDSCHMIDT, OF ESSEN-ON-THE-RUHR, GERMANY.

MANUFACTURE OF THERMIC MIXTURES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 8, 1908.

Application filed January 6, 1906. Serial No. 294,971.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANS GoLnscHMrn'r, a subject of the King of Prussia,German Emperor, and resident of Essen-on-the- Ruhr, German Empire, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to theManufacture of- Thermic Mixtures, of which the following is an exactspecification.

My invention has reference to improvements in the manufacture of thermicmixtures, as aluminum with a metal compound. It has been tried already'to replace the aluminum employed in the well-knownGoldschmidt-thermic-process by various other substances, quiteespecially by silicon, this element being very resistant to atmosphericinfluences and possessing a greater molecular oxygen-absorbing capacitythan aluminum, so that its use would appear to be advantageous forreducing purposes. The experiments in this direction however have beendisappointing. This surprising negative attitude of silicon has, in thecourse of further investigation, led to the following invention: l

If calcium is admixed to the silicon, a smooth reaction takes place,which in its course is similar to the reaction between aluminum andmetallic oxids. A few examples may serve to illustrate this: Whenoperating with a mixture of about 20 per cent. calcium,-l0 per cent.silicon, 7O er cent. iron oxid or iron oxid protoxid Fe(Fe,) In ignitingthis mixture a fluid iron and a slag which is very liquid, are obtained,the latter mainly consisting of silicate of calcium. The reaction takesplace very quick, the" mass is thoroughly fiu1d and the quantity ofmetal obtained is relatively large. Consequently this mixture issuitable for the purpose of producing metals, the reduction 0. g. ofchromium oxid is carried out in this fashion, or it may be used forwelding or other heating purposes being a large amount of heatliberated, or the slag may be utilized, the operator being free toproduce a sintering reaction (2'. 6. making the mixture coalesce or growinto a solid mass Without passing throu h a state of complete fluidity),or to pro uce opaque or transparent glassy slags.

Naturally, after having investigated the properties of the calcium whenemployed in conjunction with silicon, the idea came to i the inventor,also to investigate what effect calcium alone would have on metallicoxids. The results of experiments in that direction however werenegative, on account of the limited fusibility of the slag produced,

'wherefrom the conclusion is obvious, that the reaction of thecalcium-silicon mixture upon metallic oxide, with or without addition ofother metals, must be considered as a peculiarity. So for instance ischromium oxid reduced by metallic calcium, but no uniform extraction ofthe chromium in the form of a regulus takes place. Furthermore, thereactions carried out with pure calcium, are of extraordinary violence,6. g. if the reduction of iron oxid by means of calcium is effected, sothat these reactions are not suitable for technical utilization; It muststill be mentioned that the metals admixed may be metals that take anactive part in the reaction, e. g. aluminum or magnesium, or metals onlyadded to be molten down in order thus to increase the quantity of themetal gained or to alter the quality of the alloy. Furthermore, calciumand silicon cannot only be employed in the form of a mixture, but alsoparticularly in thefor m of an alloy which presents the advantage ofoxidizing not so easily as does calcium alone. This alloy may at thesame time contain aluminum or magnesium. Of course, the metals or thealloy must be well granulated and intimately mixed with the metallicoxid. In regard to the latter the same conditions apply'as thoseprevailing in the well known Goldschmidt alumino-thermic-process, Inthese mixtures oxygen compounds, as iron-oxid or ironoxid-protoxid, maybe replaced by sulfids of metals or metallic halogen compounds, or

,mixtures of several of such compounds with and a metal compound capableof being reduced to a metal, the substances being thoroughly mixed witheach other and the proportions of the active reducing metals being such,that silicon forms thesmaller part, by weight, of the active metals.

2. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon,

and a metal compound containing only metal and oxygen, the substancesbeing thoroughly mixed with each other and the proportions of the activereducing metals being such, that silicon forms the smaller part, byWeight, of the active metal.

3. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon, and an iron oxid compound, the substances being thoroughlymixed with each other.

4. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciuman]. silicon, iron-oxid (Fe O and iron-oxid-protoxid (Fe O thesubstances being thoroughly mixed with each other.

5. A. thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon, in form of an alloy, and an iron-oxid compound, thesubstances being thoroughly mixed with each other.

6. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon in form of an alloy, an iron-oxid (Fe O andiron-oxid-protoxid (F e 0 the substances being thoroughly mixed witheach other.

"(.A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon, iron-oxid (F c 0 and active oxidizable metals, thesubstances being thoroughly mixed with each other.

8. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon, iron oxid (Fe O iron oxid protoxid (F c 0 and activeoxidizable metals, the substances being thoroughly mixed with eachother. p

9. A thermic mixturecomprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon in form of an alloy, an iron-oxid compound and activeoxidizable metals the substances being thorou hly mixed with each other.

10. thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon in form of an alloy, iron-oxid (Fe O ironoxid-protoxid (FeOQ and active oxidizable metals, the substances being thoroughly mixedwith each other. i

11. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon, an iron-oxid compound, the substances being thoroughlymixed with eachother and the proportions of the active reducing metalsbeing such, that silicon forms the smaller part, by weight, of theactive metal.

12. A thermic mixture comprising metallic substances containing calciumand silicon, iron-oxid (F c 0 and iron-oxid-protoxid (E2 0 thesubstances being thoroughly mixed with each other and the proportions ofthe active reducing metals being such, that silicon forms the smallerpart, by weight, of the active metals.

13. A thermic mixture comprising about 20 parts of calcium, 10 parts ofsilicon and 70 parts of an iron-oxid compound.

14. A thermic mixture comprising about 20 parts of calcium, 10 parts ofsilicon, and 70 parts of iron-oxid (Fe O and ironoxid protoxid (Fe,(),).

15. A thermic mixture comprising in proportion about 20 parts ofcalcium, 10 parts of silicon and 70 parts of an iron-oxid compound witha partial substitution of other active oxidizable metals.

16. A thermic mixture comprising in proportion about 20 parts ofcalcium, 10 arts of silicon and 7 0 parts of iron-oxid (Fe andiron-oxid-protoxid (Fe O with the partial substitution of other activeoxidizable metals.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twowitnesses.

HANS GOLD SCHMIDT.

Witnesses WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HASPER.

